Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory is a comprehensive model of human development that outlines how different environmental systems influence individual growth and behavior. According to this theory, there are five interlocking contextual systems, each nested within the other, which interact to shape human development. These systems are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
Gerard Egan's Skilled Helper Model is a framework designed to guide counselors and therapists through a structured process to help clients effectively address and resolve their issues. The model is divided into three stages, each with specific goals and tasks, aimed at empowering clients to find their own solutions and develop their problem-solving skills.
The model consists of three main stages:
Hans Eysenck's theory of personality is one of the most influential models in psychology, focusing on three primary dimensions of personality: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability, and psychoticism. Eysenck proposed that these dimensions are rooted in biological bases and can explain a wide range of human behaviors.
Robert Plutchik was a renowned psychologist who developed a comprehensive theory of emotions, proposing that there are eight primary or basic emotions. He visualized these emotions and their complex interactions using his well-known "Wheel of Emotions." Plutchik's model is influential in understanding the depth and breadth of human emotional experiences.
Gestalt therapy, developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls, and Paul Goodman in the 1940s and 1950s, is an experiential and humanistic form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment. The key concepts of Gestalt therapy include the following:
